I was captivated by this exquisite photograph of the Hamilton
Turkish Baths. This brick and stucco building was designed in the Victorian
Filigree style, with decorative cast iron friezes on the upper verandah and
colonnade. What’s more, their address was somewhere in Denison Street, with
which my street intersected.
Hamilton Turkish Baths n.d.
(Courtesy Newcastle Region Library)
(Courtesy Newcastle Region Library)
To find out the exact location of the Baths and the story
behind them, I had to go to a short manuscript [1]
by Susan Kemp held in the Newcastle Region Library. Susan had investigated a
family connection with the Baths. Her grandfather, Thomas Henry Rand and his
brother Silas Charles Rand, had been their second owners, for some sixty years.
So where were the Hamilton Turkish Baths? The land is
identified as 15-21 Denison Street, at the Hunter Street end. While the
location may now be more Newcastle West than Hamilton, I’m working on the basis
that they were called Hamilton Turkish Baths. So this wonderful story is included
in Hidden Hamilton.
Wesley Mission Newcastle now owns the land on which the
Turkish Baths once stood.
I’d made a connection there before even moving to Hamilton, as I was searching for a great source of sourdough bread in Newcastle. I discovered the Sourdoughbaker Cafe was operating on this spot as a social enterprise with the Uniting Church. The sourdough baker has now moved on, but I like the synchronicity.
I’d made a connection there before even moving to Hamilton, as I was searching for a great source of sourdough bread in Newcastle. I discovered the Sourdoughbaker Cafe was operating on this spot as a social enterprise with the Uniting Church. The sourdough baker has now moved on, but I like the synchronicity.
The Turkish baths were built in 1879 by Francis W. Reay, who
had settled in Newcastle in 1870. With a background as a medical herbalist
and seller of patent and horse medicines, he had made money in the goldfields. Francis Reay became Mayor of Hamilton in 1887.
Mr F W Reay, herbalist, his wife and children (n.d.)
(Courtesy State Library of NSW)
It is not totally clear who the intended patrons of the Baths would be. People who lived in the mining settlements that would become Hamilton – the Borehole, Pit Town and Happy Flat – endured unhealthy, unsanitary living conditions. There was no running water, sewerage pipes or bathrooms. On the one hand, the idea might have been that the Baths could substantially improve the lives of miners and their families.
On the other hand, Francis Reay was an entrepreneur, and he
had invested over 1000 pounds of his own money in the Baths. Susan Kemp believes
he saw a niche in the market, as consciousness of bathing increased, with
patronage directed to "the well to do and ladies".
The Hamilton Baths offered a range of services – it had provision to segregate the sexes, separate facilities for the well to do, private consultations with practitioners, and as well “electric baths”, an early form of tanning bed. The brick and stone building included a chemist's shop. promoting botanic and homeopathic preparations.
The Hamilton Baths offered a range of services – it had provision to segregate the sexes, separate facilities for the well to do, private consultations with practitioners, and as well “electric baths”, an early form of tanning bed. The brick and stone building included a chemist's shop. promoting botanic and homeopathic preparations.
Susan Aykut [2]
of the Mt Wilson and Mt Irvine Historical Society, has written a fascinating
account of the development of Turkish Baths in Australia in the 19th
century. So far she has identified nearly 30 so
called Turkish baths scattered around Australia.
Australia rapidly embraced the concept of Turkish Baths,
probably due to the hot, humid climate and a growing understanding of health
and hygiene. There was no transference of any of the Islamic practices or
symbols of religious purification. The baths themselves were closer to their Roman
forerunners than Turkish, using dry heat instead of wet or vapour heat.
Susan Aykut explains how the impetus for building Turkish Baths in Australia came from the “Turkish Bath Movement” established in Britain by a maverick Scottish politician, David Urquart, who had often visited the baths in Constantinople (Istanbul).
So, after reading her paper, I had to reluctantly give up my imaginings of an exotic Turkish hamam on the edge of Hamilton!
From an 1880 article in the Maitland Mercury [3],
we learn that a patron of the Baths first undressed in the Frigidarium, and was attired in a suitable bathing costume, to be then
conducted into the first hot room, the Tropidarum
(heated to 100 degrees). After a time, the attendant escorted the patron to the
Sudatorium, where the temperature
could reach 160 degrees. Next was a sulphur room, then a shampooing room, where
an expert shampooer “in the person of a
coloured man” was on hand (although – the article hastens to add - ladies
would be waited on by a person of their own sex). Then to the washing room, for
a through cleansing, and finally the drying room. The article proclaims that
after this experience, the patron is so invigorated they “could easily jump over a four rail fence”!
All for five shillings (single bath), 6 baths for a pound,
or a quarterly ticket for five pounds.
Susan Aykut explains how the impetus for building Turkish Baths in Australia came from the “Turkish Bath Movement” established in Britain by a maverick Scottish politician, David Urquart, who had often visited the baths in Constantinople (Istanbul).
Hot chamber of the men's baths in the Bey Hamam, Thessaloniki
(Photograph by Marsyas, 26 February 2006, Wikipedia Commons)
I found it
interesting that the second owners of the Hamilton Baths were Seventh Day Adventists and came from a strong medical background. Silas Chares Rand was a medical graduate of the University of Chicago,
registering with the NSW Medical Board in 1898. He migrated to Australia first,
and was followed in 1904 by his brother Thomas Henry Rand.
Silas Charles Rand
(From the collection of Susan Kemp)
(From the collection of Susan Kemp)
Thomas had graduated
as a dentist from Northwestern University, Chicago. He was the grandfather of
Susan Kemp.
.JPG)
Thomas Henry Rand
(From the collection of Susan Kemp)
(From the collection of Susan Kemp)
Silas and Thomas were part of a family of six; five became doctors (including one sister), and Thomas a dentist.
From Susan Kemp’s research, it appears the brothers must have purchased the Baths in the early 1900s. While they never operated the Baths as such, this beautiful building was used for a further period of some sixty years as their medical and dental practices, and as their homes.
Thomas married and had two children; Silas never married. The story of Thomas and his wife contains its own tragedy, reflecting systemic problems of the health care of the times. It will be the subject of another post.
As Susan wistfully concludes:
“The Turkish Baths, a
grand building originally built to give comfort and cleanliness to the
citizens of Newcastle, had much potential but was demolished in 1961. Its
heritage value was not recognised and Newcastle lost a unique reminder of its
social history”.
.JPG)
Turkish Baths Rear View, drawn by Howard Peter Rand
(From the collection of Susan Kemp)
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(From the collection of Susan Kemp)
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